How are fiber jumpers classified?

Fiber patch cords are used to make patch cords from equipment to fiber optic cabling links. There is a thicker protective layer, which is generally used for the connection between the optical transceiver and the terminal box.

Optical fiber jumpers (also known as optical fiber connectors) refer to the connector plugs installed on both ends of the optical cable to realize the active connection of the optical path; one end with a plug is called a pigtail. Fiber patch cords (Optical Fiber Patch Cord/Cable) are similar to coaxial cables, but without a mesh shield. At the center is the glass core where light travels.

In a multimode fiber, the diameter of the core is 50 μm to 65 μm, which is roughly the thickness of a human hair. The diameter of the single-mode fiber core is 8 μm~10 μm. The core is surrounded by a glass envelope with a lower refractive index than the core to keep the fiber within the core. On the outside is a thin plastic jacket that protects the envelope.

Single and multi-mode difference

Optical fiber jumpers can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multi-mode jumpers according to different transmission media, and other optical fiber jumpers such as plastic as the transmission medium; according to the structure of the connector, it can be divided into: FC Jumper, SC jumper, ST jumper, LC jumper, MTRJ jumper, MPO jumper, MU jumper, SMA jumper, FDDI jumper, E2000 jumper, DIN4 jumper, D4 jumper, etc. form. The more common fiber jumpers can also be divided into FC-FC, FC-SC, FC-LC, FC-ST, SC-SC, SC-ST, etc.

Single-mode fiber (Single-mode Fiber): Generally, the fiber jumper is shown in yellow, and the connector and protective sleeve are in blue; the transmission distance is longer.

Multi-mode fiber (Multi-mode Fiber): Generally, the fiber patch cord is represented by orange, and some are represented by gray, and the connector and protective sleeve are in beige or black; the transmission distance is shorter and the distance is shorter.

Fiber Jumper

Precautions

The transceiver wavelengths of the optical modules at both ends of the fiber jumper must be the same, that is to say, the two ends of the optical fiber must be optical modules with the same wavelength. In general, short-wave optical modules use multimode fibers (orange fibers), and long-wave optical modules use single-mode fibers (yellow fibers) to ensure the accuracy of data transmission.

Do not bend and loop the optical fiber excessively during use, which will increase the attenuation of light during transmission.

After using the optical fiber jumper, it is necessary to protect the optical fiber connector with a protective sleeve. Dust and oil will damage the coupling of the optical fiber.

If the optical fiber connector is dirty, you can use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to clean it, otherwise the communication quality will be affected.

1. Before use, the ceramic ferrule and the end face of the fiber jumper must be wiped clean with alcohol and absorbent cotton.

2. The minimum bending radius of the optical fiber is not less than 150mm.

3. Protect the ferrule and the end face of the ferrule to prevent bumps and pollution, and put on a dust cap in time after disassembly.

4. Do not look directly at the fiber end face when the laser signal is transmitted.

5. The damaged fiber jumper should be replaced in time in the event of man-made and other force majeure damage.

6. Read the manual carefully before installation, and carry out installation and debugging under the guidance of the engineer of the manufacturer or dealer.

7. If the optical fiber network or system is abnormal, the troubleshooting method can be used to test one by one. When testing or troubleshooting the jumper, you can do the on-off test first. Usually, you can use a visible laser pointer to judge the entire fiber link. Or further use a precision optical fiber insertion loss and return loss instrument to test its various indicators. If the indicators are within the qualified range, the jumper indicates normal, otherwise it is unqualified.

What does FC\\ST\\SC\\LC\\MTRJPC\\APC\\UPC represent in the fiber jumper?

FC, ST, SC, LC, MTRJ are different physical interface connection methods.

FC is a circular helix.

ST is a round 45 degree bayonet.

SC is a square socket.

LC and MTRJ are small ferrule connectors, which are rarely used in China, but some imported devices have them.

PC, APC, UPC represent the front surface structure of the ceramic ferrule!

PC is a spherical structure, APC is an 8-degree angled structure, and UPC is a hyperplane structure.

Introduction to Fiber Patch Cords

The Fibre Channel protocol is generally transmitted over two mediums - fiber optic cable and copper cable.

Optical fibers can be divided into single-mode (conducting long-wavelength laser light) and multi-mode (conducting short-wavelength laser light) because of the difference in the ability to transmit light waves internally:

Single-mode fiber (Single-mode Fiber): Generally, the fiber jumper is shown in yellow, and the connector and protective sleeve are in blue; the transmission distance is longer. The connection distance of single-mode fiber optic cable can reach 10 kilometers. Multi-mode fiber (Multi-mode Fiber): Generally, fiber optic patch cords are indicated in orange, and some are indicated in gray. Connectors and protective sleeves are colored in beige or black; the transmission distance is short. The connection distance of the multi-mode optical cable is much shorter, 300 meters or 500 meters (mainly depends on the difference of the laser, there are generally two kinds of light sources for generating short-wavelength lasers, one is 62.5, and the other is 50)

In addition, there are also two types of connector parts of optical cables, one is SC interface is 1GB interface and the other is LC interface is 2GB interface. There are many types of optical fiber jumpers, which can be divided into: FC, SC, ST, LC, etc. according to the shape of the connector ;According to the type of ferrule, it can be divided into: PC, UPC, APC, etc.; According to the type of fiber, it can be divided into single mode, 50/125 multimode, 62.5/125 multimode, polarization maintaining, etc.; According to the fiber diameter, it can be divided into: 900μm , 2mm, 3mm, etc. The products are widely used in: communication room, fiber-to-the-home, local area network, fiber-optic sensors, fiber-optic communication systems, fiber-optic connection transmission equipment, national defense combat readiness, etc.

the difference

Pigtail, also known as pigtail, has only one end with a connector, and the other end is a broken end of a fiber optic cable core. It is connected to other fiber optic cable cores by welding. It often appears in fiber optic terminal boxes. (couplers, jumpers, etc. are also used between them).

Optical fiber connector is a device for detachable (active) connection between optical fiber and optical fiber. It precisely connects the two end faces of optical fiber, so that the light energy output by the transmitting fiber can be coupled to the receiving fiber to the maximum extent. And minimize the impact on the system due to its involvement in the optical link, which is the basic requirement of fiber optic connectors. To a certain extent, fiber optic connectors also affect the reliability and performance of optical transmission systems.

Selection guide

There are three main types of fiber jumpers according to the termination type: ST-ST, SC-SC, ST-SC. According to the type of fiber, there are mainly two types of single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber. The specifications of the jumper length are 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m and so on. According to the cable outer sheath material, it can be divided into ordinary type, ordinary flame-retardant type, low-smoke halogen-free type (LZSH), low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant type, etc.

According to the fire rating of the building and the fire resistance requirements of the materials, corresponding measures should be taken for the integrated wiring system. When laying cables or optical cables in flammable areas and building shafts, flame-retardant cables and optical cables should be used; in large public places, flame-retardant, low-smoke, low-toxic cables or optical cables should be used; adjacent equipment or transfer rooms Flame retardant wiring equipment should be used.